Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Resettled Older Bhutanese Adults in Ohio: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract There has been growing attention given to the mental health challenges faced by older adult populations, particularly among resettled refugee communities. Among these groups, the prevalence of depressive symptoms often remains high due to a multitude of factors associated with displacement, trauma, and acculturation stress. Since 2008, Bhutanese refugees have been resettled in the USA, making them one of the largest refugees in the country. However, mental health issues often remain obscured for this demographic, as they are typically subsumed within largely heterogeneous Asian populations. This study aimed to determine depression symptoms in resettled older Bhutanese adults and analyze the associated factors. Snowball sampling was used to collect data from 276 55+-year-old adults in Ohio from January to June 2022. The questionnaire covered demographics, lifestyle, social support, life satisfaction, chronic disease, and depression. Binary logistic regression assessed the associations between variables and depressive symptoms. Approximately one-third (31.8%) of the participants had depressive symptoms. Factors associated with lower odds of having depressive symptoms included better self-reported health, strong social support, life satisfaction, and high resilience. Individuals with chronic diseases were more likely to have depressive symptoms. The high percentage of depressive symptoms among resettled older Bhutanese adults emphasizes the need for a supportive environment in the host country, ensuring access to resources, and comprehensive and tailored interventions to address their mental health needs.