Trends and burden of colon and rectum cancer attributable to high BMI in the United States from 1990 to 2019

High BMI indicates high body fatness, which can be traduced to overweight and obesity. These classifications are known modifiable risk factors for most cancers. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in men and women. The aim of this study is to assess the outcome of the trends and burden of colon and rectum cancer attributable to high BMI. Data was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 framework. The number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were analysed by gender, year and location in the United States from 1990 to 2019. To analyse the burden trend, annual percentage change (APC) was used. The number of deaths amongst females displayed an upward trend with an APC of 31% (95%UI: 21–49), from 1,759(95%UI: 761–3,104) in 1990 to 2,779(95%UI: 1,207–4,691) in 2019. Equally, males had an upward trend APC of 46% (95%UI: 29–82), from 3,975(95%UI: 1,971–6,389) in 1990 to 7,978(95%UI: 4,567–11,644) in 2019. Both sexes had an upward trend APC of 46% (95%UI: 31–75), from 5,735 (95%UI: 2,913–8,986) in 1990 to 10,758(95%UI: 6,166–15,579) in 2019. As for DALYs, females display an APC upward trend of 32% (95%UI:23–46) from 36,498(95%UI: 16,109–63,531) in 1990 to 57,360(95%UI: 25,711–95,311) in 2019. Males display an upward trend with an APC of 44% (95%UI: 28–78), from 95,671(95%UI: 48,353–149,752) in 1990 to 190,232(95%UI: 110,616–270,621) in 2019. Both sexes experienced an upward trend APC of 45% (95%UI: 74–31), from 132,169(95%UI: 69,973–203,594) in 1990 to 247,592 (95%UI: 146,209–350,375) in 2019. Concerning the highest DALYs rate per 100,000 habitants and the highest number of deaths per 100,000 habitants, the District of Columbia had 79 (95%UI: 41–122) and 3 (95%UI: 1–5), respectively in 1990. As for West Virginia, the highest DALYs exhibit 115 (95%UI: 66–173) and a highest number of deaths of 5 (95%UI:2–7) in 2019. Regarding the age group with the highest burden, the group of 70–74 years showed the highest upward trend in the number of deaths of 945(95%UI: 477–1,473) in 1990 to 1,560 (95%UI: 914–2,265) in 2019. At last, the DALYs in the group of 65–69 years, displayed an upward trend of 22,920 (95%UI: 11,800–34,970) in 1990 to 40,528(95%UI: 24,665–56,877) in 2019. Data and information analysed regarding colon and rectum cancer attributable to high body mass index (BMI) has shown throughout the years an important rise in the number of deaths with a higher burden in males rather than females. Finding such a large increase in these trends and burden, demonstrates the importance of acting upon the modifiable risk factors within these patients. Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. 2020. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Accessed 20 Feb 2024