Repeated Measurement of the Novel Atrial Biomarker BMP10 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein 10) Refines Risk Stratification in Anticoagulated Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the ARISTOTLE Trial

Background BMP10 (bone morphogenic protein 10) has emerged as a novel biomarker associated with the risk of ischemic stroke and other outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The study aimed to determine if repeated BMP10 measurements improve prognostication of cardiovascular events in patients with AF. Methods and Results BMP10 was measured using a prototype Elecsys immunoassay in plasma samples collected at randomization and after 2 months in patients with AF randomized to apixaban or warfarin in the ARISTOTLE (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation) trial (n=2878). Adjusted Cox‐regression models were used to evaluate the association between 2‐month BMP10 levels and outcomes. BMP10 levels increased by 7.8% ( P <0.001) over 2 months. The baseline variables most strongly associated with BMP10 levels at 2 months were baseline BMP10 levels, body mass index, sex, age, creatinine, diabetes, warfarin treatment, and AF‐rhythm. During median 1.8 years follow‐up, 34 ischemic strokes/systemic embolism, 155 deaths, and 99 heart failure hospitalizations occurred. Comparing the third with the first sample quartile, higher BMP10 levels at 2 months were associated with higher risk of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio HR, 1.33 95% CI, 0.67–2.63, P =0.037), heart failure (HR, 1.91 95% CI, 1.17–3.12, P =0.012) and all‐cause death (HR, 1.61 95% CI, 1.17–2.21, P <0.001). Adding BMP10 levels at 2 months on top of established risk factors and baseline BMP10 levels improved the C‐indices for ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (from 0.73 to 0.75), heart failure hospitalization (0.76–0.77), and all‐cause mortality (0.70–0.72), all P <0.05. Conclusions Elevated levels of BMP10 at 2 months strengthened the associations with the risk of ischemic stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and all‐cause mortality. Repeated measurements of BMP10 may further refine risk stratification in patients with AF.