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The purpose of this study is to examine the factors behind the change in terrorism in the Sahel region of Africa since COVID-19. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the Global Terrorism Index and the number of deaths due to terrorism have decreased globally. However, the Sahel region in Africa has seen a sharp increase in terrorist attacks and deaths. Over the past few years, the focus of international terrorist organizations has shifted from the Middle East, South Asia, and North Africa to the Sahel, which includes border areas that are relatively difficult for governments to control. The Sahel region has complex security challenges, which have been exacerbated by COVID-19 and are thought to have contributed to the rise in terrorism. Political instability, the decline of democracy, the rise of international terrorist organizations, and new means of attack, such as drones, are some of the factors that have contributed to the rise of terrorism in the Sahel since COVID-19. In order to respond to these threats, the report suggests ways to develop an expatriate protection response system, such as supplementing the expatriate protection crisis management manual, utilizing private security guard capabilities, and establishing anti-drone systems for missions and key facilities.
Choi et al. (Sat,) studied this question.