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This paper explores the vulnerability of AC islanded microgrids to cyber-attacks, focusing on communication links and local controls. Decentralized control methods are proposed to enhance security, with a detailed analysis of false data injection (FDI) and denial of service (DoS) attacks. Approaches to address DoS attacks include consensus of multiagent systems and risk-sensitive control. The study proposes a lightweight prevention model to mitigate FDI, featuring a cooperative stochastic control system with a communication-based controller. In contrast to existing distributed control methods, the proposed approach offers advantages in synchronizing frequency restoration, ensuring accurate power sharing through sparse communication networks, and reducing control update frequency. The study contributes to heightened system security, addresses limitations of centralized control methods, and integrates stationary proportional resonant primary control and intelligent secondary control based on the dragonfly algorithm for improved microgrid performance under various operating conditions.
Al-dulaimi et al. (Thu,) studied this question.