Joint ESA-NASA Multi-Mission Algorithm and Analysis Platform (MAAP)

The scientific community is faced with a need for greatly improved data sharing, analysis, visualization and advanced collaboration based firmly on open science principles. Recent and upcoming launches of new satellite missions with more complex and voluminous data, as well as the ever more urgent need to better understand the global carbon budget and related ecological processes provided the immediate rationale for the ESA-NASA Multi-mission Algorithm and Analysis Platform (MAAP). This highly collaborative joint project of ESA and NASA established a framework between ESA and NASA to share data, science algorithms and compute resources in order to foster and accelerate scientific research conducted by ESA and NASA EO data users. Presented to the public in October 2021 1, the current version of MAAP provides a common cloud-based platform with computing capabilities co-located with the data, a collaborative coding and analysis environment, and a set of interoperable tools and algorithms developed to support, for example, the estimation and visualization of global above-ground biomass. Data from the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission on the International Space Station 2 and the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) 3 have been instrumental pioneer products on MAAP, generating the first comprehensive map of Boreal above-ground biomass 4 and supporting the CEOS Biomass Harmonization Activity 5. Crucially, the platform is being specifically designed to support the forthcoming ESA Biomass mission 6 and incorporate data from the upcoming NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) mission 7. While these missions and the corresponding research leading up to launch, which includes airborne, field, and calibration/validation data collection and analyses, provide a wealth of information relating to global biomass, they also present data storing, processing and sharing challenges; the NISAR mission alone will produce around 40 petabytes of data per year, presenting a challenge that, without MAAP, would impose several accessibility limits on the scientific community and impact scientific progress. Other challenges being addressed by MAAP include: 1) Enabling researchers to easily discover, process, visualize and analyze large volumes of data from both agencies; 2) Providing a wide variety of data in the same coordinate reference frame to enable comparison, analysis, data evaluation, and data generation; 3) Providing a version-controlled science algorithm development environment that supports tools, co-located data and processing resources; 4) Addressing intellectual property and sharing challenges related to collaborative algorithm development and sharing of data and algorithms. REFERENCES 1 https: //www. nasa. gov/feature/nasa-esa-partnership-releases-platform-for-open-source-science-in-the-cloud 2 https: //science. nasa. gov/missions/gedi 3 https: //icesat-2. gsfc. nasa. gov/ 4 https: //daac. ornl. gov/ABOVE/guides/BorealAGBDensityICESat2. html 5 https: //iopscience. iop. org/article/10. 1088/1748-9326/ad0b60 6 T. Le Toan, S. Quegan, M. Davidson, H. Balzter, P. Paillou, K. Papathanassiou, S. Plummer, F. Rocca, S. Saatchi, H. Shugart and L. Ulander, The BIOMASS Mission: Mapping global forest biomass to better understand the terrestrial carbon cycle, Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 115, No. 11, pp. 2850-2860, June 2011. 7 P. A. Rosen, S. Hensley, S. Shaffer, L. Veilleux, M. Chakraborty, T. Misra, R. Bhan, V. Raju Sagi and R. Satish, "The NASA-ISRO SAR mission - An international space partnership for science and societal benefit", IEEE Radar Conference (RadarCon), pp. 1610-1613, 10-15 May 2015.