The beneficial role of probiotics in colorectal cancer development and their prospects for application

Colorectal cancer (CRC) constitutes a significant global health concern, with its development closely associated with factors like diet, lifestyle, and imbalances in the gut microbiome. Probiotics, defined as beneficial microorganisms, have garnered substantial attention as a potential strategy for preventing and treating colorectal cancer. This paper explores the multifaceted role of probiotics in maintaining gut microbiota balance, regulating metabolites, and influencing the development of colorectal cancer. Probiotics function by competitively inhibiting harmful bacteria, producing cancer-fighting metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, and engaging in immunomodulatory mechanisms. While evidence from animal models and preliminary human studies suggests their potential in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer, further research is necessary to ascertain the optimal strains, dosages, and mechanisms in clinical trials. Simultaneously, probiotics are expected to serve as adjuvant therapies to enhance the effectiveness of colorectal cancer treatment. This paper sheds light on the evolving prospects of probiotics in colorectal cancer prevention and treatment, introducing new possibilities in the battle against this malignancy.