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Abstract. Using the space-borne lidar/radar observations, this study identifies deep convection systems (DCS), including deep convection core (DCC) and anvils, over Tibetan Plateau (TP) and tropical oceans (TO), and finds that DCSs over TP are less frequent, exhibiting narrower and thinner DCCs and anvils compared to those over TO. The thinner DCCs over TP exert weaker radiative cooling effects at the top of atmosphere (TOA) compared to the TO. But, the shortwave TOA cloud radiative effect (CRE) of TP anvils is stronger than that of the TO possibly due to more densely packed cloud tops over TP. It results in stronger TOA CRE of DCSs over TP than that of TO. Especially, longwave CRE of DCSs over TP is notable greater at surface and low-level atmosphere due to the distinct lower temperature and less water vapor. The width of DCSs shows a positive correlation with wind shear and atmospheric instability, and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. We also find that the impact of aerosols on cloud top heights and precipitation displays significant discrepancies between the two regions. It is because that the aerosol invigoration effect is less efficient on the TP DCSs, mainly attributed to the significantly colder cloud base. Due to competition between invigoration and radiative effects of aerosols, the correlation between precipitation and aerosols over TP is not significant. However, precipitation in the TO experiences invigoration followed by suppression with increasing aerosols, due to the dominance of aerosol radiative effect and enhancement entrainment under polluted conditions.
Zhao et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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