Conceptualizing Burnout in the Non-Profit Sector

Burnout in the non-profit sector represents a complex, systemic challenge that extends beyond individual psychology into the structures of mission-driven organisations. This article offers an interdisciplinary conceptualisation of burnout, drawing on the Maslach Burnout Framework, Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) theory, and the Conservation of Resources (COR) model. It distinguishes burnout from related conditions such as stress, compassion fatigue, and moral injury, clarifying their overlaps and implications for practice. Integrating insights from sociology and occupational health psychology, the analysis highlights the roles of emotional labour, donor dependency, and organisational culture in shaping burnout vulnerability. The article concludes that effective prevention requires not only individual resilience but also systemic reforms—embedding wellbeing into governance, leadership, and resource management—to safeguard both people and missions.