Fisheries science is a key link in achieving the goals of technological sovereignty and ensuring food security for Russia.

Purpose of the work. The ongoing global changes in the modern world affect technological, economic, social, and environmental issues. The increasing anthropogenic load on the environment from human economic activity negatively impacts the fishing industry, reducing ocean biodiversity and degrading the habitat of aquatic organisms. This complex and multifaceted range of problems can only be addressed scientifically. This study demonstrates the role and importance of fisheries science in addressing current and future challenges. Material and methods. The analysis utilized the results of historical and statistical observations, forecast calculations conducted at various times and summarized during the study, and took into account the organizational structures of large companies operating in various waters, as well as sociocultural aspects, which will allow for a more complete and in-depth identification of key trends in the future development of the industry. The results of the analysis will provide an objective picture of the current state of the fishing industry in all its diverse connections with related sectors of the national economy. Results. The achievements of the fishing industry are inextricably linked to industry research led by the Russian State Research Center of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO). The institute’s work covers a wide range of research topics related to addressing such pressing issues as the conservation of biodiversity and natural ecosystems, which is undoubtedly an imperative for ensuring future generations have access to fish and seafood. Practical significance: The materials can be used by government institutions to determine the optimal exploitation of aquatic bioresources without harming natural ecosystems and preserving biodiversity.