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Direct seawater electrolysis is promising for sustainable hydrogen gas (H2) production. However, the chloride ions in seawater lead to side reactions and corrosion, which result in a low efficiency and poor stability of the electrocatalyst and hinder the use of seawater electrolysis technology. Here we report a corrosion-resistant RuMoNi electrocatalyst, in which the in situ-formed molybdate ions on its surface repel chloride ions. The electrocatalyst works stably for over 3000 h at a high current density of 500 mA cm-2 in alkaline seawater electrolytes. Using the RuMoNi catalyst in an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer, we report an energy conversion efficiency of 77. 9% and a current density of 1000 mA cm-2 at 1. 72 V. The calculated price per gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE) of the H2 produced is 0. 85, which is lower than the 2026 technical target of 2. 0/GGE set by the United Stated Department of Energy, thus, suggesting practicability of the technology.
Kang et al. (Sat,) studied this question.