Gender differences in computation strategies: Evidence across adolescent and adult samples

Abstract Background On computation items, young girls tend to use algorithmic approaches more than boys do. However, it is unclear whether these patterns persist as students progress into adulthood. Aims In two independent studies using different measures, we examine gender differences in computation strategy use in adolescents (Study 1) and adults (Study 2). We explore factors that might explain differences, and whether they relate to gender differences in math performance. Samples Study 1 uses data from students at a U.S. public high school ( n = 213; 54.5% female). Study 2 uses data from U.S. adults ( n = 810; 58.6% women). Methods Participants completed computation items, math performance measures and measures commonly found to relate to both gender and math. The unique relations between algorithm use, gender and math performance were examined while accounting for key covariates. Results Girls and women used an algorithm more often than their male counterparts, as did people with lower mental rotation skills and higher teacher‐pleasing tendencies (Study 1) and higher test anxiety (Study 2). After including covariates, the gender difference in algorithm use decreased in Study 1 but not in Study 2. Across both studies, girls and women, and those who use algorithms more, had lower performance on problem‐solving measures, as did those with higher teacher‐pleasing tendencies and lower confidence (Study 1) and lower math anxiety (Study 2). Conclusions Gendered patterns in algorithm use within older samples and the negative relation of algorithm use with math performance point to the need for renewed focus on developing children's computational approaches.