We take a zero tolerance to any situation where fraudulent research is published in our journals. As a result, this article has been retracted by the Publisher because it is suspected to be a nonsensical computer-generated publication with a number of tortured phrases and irrelevant references. Additional measures have been implemented to prevent these issues from reoccurring. EDP Sciences is extremely grateful to anonymous whistleblowers and the Problematic Paper Screener 1 for bringing this case to our attention for further investigations.
Balamurugan et al. (2026) studied this question.
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