Pharmacogenomics is now an essential part of precision medicine, as it describes how genetic differences at the individual level influence drug responses. Its combination enables a transition from trial-and-error prescriptions to predictive, genotype-directed treatment, thereby enhancing the safety and accuracy of treatment. Rapid genomic testing, AI-driven prediction of drug-gene interactions, and clinical decision-support systems have advanced, increasing their uptake in psychiatry, cardiology, and oncology. New methods, such as polygenic pharmacogenomic scoring and population-specific genomic maps, are even more personalized. Together, these advances make pharmacogenomics a central figure with the potential to shape the future of personalized, effective, and innovative healthcare.
Ali et al. (Wed,) studied this question.