The Current Status of Education and Training for Trauma in Albania

Abstract Background: Traumatic injury remains a major cause of mortality and disability in Albania, particularly among young and economically active populations. Historically, trauma education in the country developed in a fragmented and non-standardized manner, resulting in significant variability in clinical practice and outcomes. In recent years, Albania has undertaken important reforms to align trauma training with international standards. Methods: This overview analyzes the current framework of trauma education and training within Albania’s healthcare system, encompassing pre-hospital services, hospital-based care, and academic institutions. Emphasis is placed on institutional capacity, curriculum structure, workforce preparedness, and system integration, with particular reference to the University Hospital of Trauma's role as the national trauma referral and academic hub. Results: The introduction of structured educational programs, most notably Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS), has marked a pivotal shift toward standardized, evidence-based trauma care. These initiatives have improved early patient assessment, team communication, and adherence to internationally accepted algorithms. Nevertheless, trauma education remains unevenly distributed. Regional hospitals face limitations in access to simulation facilities, certified instructors, and continuing professional development. Pre-hospital providers and nursing staff have limited exposure to formal trauma training, and rural areas remain underserved. The absence of a fully integrated national trauma registry further constrains outcome-driven curriculum development and quality improvement. Conclusions: Albania has made substantial progress in modernizing trauma education; however, significant gaps persist across geographic regions and professional disciplines. Sustainable advancement requires integrating trauma training into national health strategies, expanding multidisciplinary and pre-hospital education, and developing simulation and data infrastructures. Strengthening these components is essential to reducing preventable deaths and to establishing a resilient, modern trauma system capable of meeting Albania’s evolving healthcare needs. Keywords: trauma education; emergency surgery; capacity building; low- and middle-income countries; ATLS; simulation-based training; trauma systems;