Due to its geographical position, the Kaliningrad region always has had a special place in the context of relations between Russia and the EU. For this reason, the introduction of large-scale restrictive measures by the EU against Russia led to a significant negative impact on the development of the Kaliningrad region. In this regard, a scientific problem arises: the identification, systematisation and analysis of unilateral restrictions and other measures taken by the EU and EU member states and directly affecting the development of the Kaliningrad region. The purpose of this article is to identify essential characteristics of the EU restrictive measures, as well as other equivalent measures that have a direct impact on the Kaliningrad region. The author identifies the main restrictions at the Union and national levels, classifies them and determines their legal nature. He concludes that the EU restrictive measures and other equivalent measures have a greater negative impact on ensuring transport accessibility of the Kaliningrad region. Restrictions on land transit contradict the requirements of current international law, but there are no effective legal tools to counteract such measures. In these conditions, the key role in ensuring the transport connectivity of the Kaliningrad region with the main part of Russia belongs to sea and air transport.
Vadim Valentinovich Voynikov (Wed,) studied this question.