Timir: An Ayurvedic Perspective on Refractive Errors With Special Reference to Myopia

Myopia is a common refractive condition in which distant objects appear unclear, and its prevalence is increasing rapidly, particularly among students and young adults. Ayurveda explains visual disorders under the broad heading of Timir, a disease affecting Drishti due to disturbance of ocular Doshas. The early stages of Timir show close similarity to Myopia in terms of symptoms, etiological factors, and disease progression. This article presents an Ayurvedic interpretation of Myopia through the concept of Timir, focusing on causative factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, and management principles described in classical texts, along with their correlation to modern ophthalmology.