Managing Biofouling from Ships in Indonesia: Regulation versus Implementation

The IMO Glofouling project, which was launched at the end of 2018, ended in early 2025. Indonesia, as one of the leads partnering countries (LPC), has responsibilities to implement the IMO guidelines in biofouling management. The present paper reviews the resolution MEPC.378 (80) together with the Indonesian Government Regulation as guidelines for the control and management of ships’ biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species. Surveys are carried out in 4 major shipyards in Surabaya (2), Jakarta (1), and Balikpapan (1) as well as at the BKI Headquarters in Jakarta which responsible on ships checking maintenance and renew the classification of repaired ships. Investigation into traditional fisher communities is also included to comprehend their awareness about the very serious issue of biofouling attacks on their livelihoods. Based on the survey questionnaire, the discussions include the technical aspects of handling biofouling (such approaches and technologies used), social aspects (to cover the knowledge and understanding of the communities on such regulations), and economic aspects (e.g., spending cost on regular bottom cleaning). Finally, the appropriate method or solution is provided.