Porous confinement: Stable and full exposure of Ru nanoparticles towards efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Key Points

• The aim is to develop stable Ru nanoparticles for efficient hydrogen evolution through a novel confinement method.
• Prepared Ru nanoparticles using an in situ pyrolytic etching strategy.
• Created a porous-confined structure to enhance nanoparticle accessibility.
• Evaluated the electrocatalytic performance of the catalyst.
• Ru nanoparticles demonstrated excellent structural stability under operational conditions.
• Significantly improved hydrogen evolution rate compared to non-confined counterparts.