Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has been considered one of the most promising nanomaterials currently available, mainly due to its structural stability, high optical band gap, and promising biocompatibility. In this work, pure h-BN and phosphorus-doped derivatives (h-BN-1P and h-BN-1.5P) were synthesized by pyrolysis followed by heat treatment at 1000 °C under a nitrogen stream. Structural characterization was performed by PXRD, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy, confirming the formation of the hexagonal phase and demonstrating that phosphorus incorporation did not disrupt the crystal lattice. AFM and SEM analyses identified a mixture of topographies, including 2D (nanosheets) and 1D (nanowhisker) morphological structures, and EDS confirmed the incorporation of phosphorus. TEM analysis allowed obtaining the determination of interplanar distance values for the samples. Cytocompatibility was assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through the MTT viability assay. The results indicated that pure h-BN maintained cell viability above 85%, while phosphorus-doped materials showed a slight decrease in viability, but still preserved viability levels above 50% at the maximum concentration evaluated (100 µg mL-1). The results obtained confirm that h-BN and its phosphorus-doped forms exhibit favorable biocompatibility and tunable electronic properties, confirming their potential for future biomedical applications.
Leitão et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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