Visions of Europe: Genesis and Development of the European Project between Fascism and Neo-Fascism

The work analyses the genesis of the process of European integration conceived by the fascist and national socialist regimes during the 1920s and 1930s, focusing on far-right internationalism (or the International of Nationalists) and its development in the postwar period. The main objective is to compare the Europeanist projects of the fascists and Nazis, highlighting their critiques of the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations, as well as the roles of key figures such as Asvero Gravelli and Hans Keller. Additionally, the work examines the transition from the idea of a fascist Europe to that of a neofascist Europe in the context of the Cold War, analysing how such principles have been reinterpreted, both directly and indirectly, by organisations such as the European Social Movement (ESM) and by intellectuals like Maurice Bardèche and Julius Evola. In this regard, the study aims to enrich the historiographical debate on the origins of a thought that, even today, seeks to undermine the idea of Europe founded on the values of democracy and parliamentary principles.