Climate change poses significant challenges to agricultural productivity in Mozambique, particularly affecting smallholder farmers who rely on rain-fed agriculture. The review employed a systematic approach, including literature searches in academic databases such as PubMed and Web of Science, focusing on studies published in English from to. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion criteria related to CRAPs and their impact on smallholder farmers. CRAPs have demonstrated a mixed effectiveness across different regions, with some practices showing significant increases in crop yields by up to 30% in areas with adequate rainfall and appropriate implementation. While there is evidence of CRAPs' potential benefits, the variability in their impact suggests the need for tailored approaches based on local climate conditions and farmer needs. Smallholder farmers should be provided with targeted training and support to adopt CRAPs effectively. Policy makers should develop incentives that encourage the use of these practices while addressing infrastructure limitations. The empirical specification follows Y=₀+^ X+, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Ngwenya et al. (Mon,) studied this question.