The optimization of medicinal products represents one of the most complex challenges in contemporary pharmaceutical science. Although drug development traditionally focuses on chemical composition, dosage forms, and pharmacological activity, growing evidence indicates that environmental factors substantially influence drug efficacy, safety, and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions. Ecological conditions such as environmental pollution, climate variability, radiation exposure, and lifestyle-related stressors are capable of modifying pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. These influences may result in reduced therapeutic effectiveness, increased toxicity, and unpredictable individual responses to pharmacotherapy. This article analyzes the mechanisms underlying adverse drug effects with special emphasis on environmental determinants, immune reactions, circadian rhythms, and individual variability. A comprehensive understanding of these interactions is essential for improving drug safety and developing personalized therapeutic strategies.
BANDALIYEVA et al. (Mon,) studied this question.