What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to assess how ownership structure, competition, and cross-subsidisation affect the efficiency of public bus transport in Germany.

February 28, 2026

The Effects of Ownership Structure, Competition, and Cross-Subsidisation on the Efficiency of Public Bus Transport: Empirical Evidence from Germany

Key Points

The research aims to assess how ownership structure, competition, and cross-subsidisation affect the efficiency of public bus transport in Germany.
Utilized a stochastic production frontier approach to measure technical efficiency
Analyzed data from various public bus transport companies in Germany
Evaluated factors like ownership structure and competitive tendering
Companies in competitive tendering areas showed significantly higher mean efficiency
Multi-utility enterprises were associated with lower mean efficiency
Ownership structure did not significantly impact efficiency

Abstract

This paper quantifies the technical efficiency of German public bus transport companies and discusses main factors influencing their performance, using a stochastic production frontier approach. We test for the efficiency impact of ownership structure, competitive tendering, and potential cross-subsidisation in multi-utility enterprises. Companies that operate in regions where competitive tendering takes place reveal a significantly higher mean efficiency than other companies. Companies that are part of multi-utility enterprises have a significantly lower mean efficiency. Ownership structure has no impact on efficiency.

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Cite This Study

Scheffler et al. (Sun,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a286720a974eb0d3c01715 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3828/jtep.2013.47.3.371

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