The Temporal Accumulation Hypothesis (TAH) proposes that elapsed cosmic time leaves a measurable imprint on the fabric of spacetime — a temporal substrate that accumulates differently for photons and matter. Photons, traveling at c since the Big Bang, have accumulated the maximum amount of this substrate, while matter, moving at v << c, has accumulated less. This difference means that distances measured using matter-based probes (such as Baryon Acoustic Oscillations) are not identical to distances measured using photon-based probes (such as Type Ia supernovae). We quantify this with a redshift-dependent function η (z) = 1 − (Ωb/Ωₘ) ² · exp (−z/zₛ), where the amplitude ε = (fb) ² = 0. 0244 is derived from the Planck baryon fraction — not fitted to BAO data — leaving a single free parameter zₛ = 1. 28. Using the CAMB Boltzmann solver and DESI DR1 BAO measurements, we find ΔBIC = −10 (strong preference over ΛCDM), χ² = 12. 38 on 7 data points, and a predicted H₀ = 69. 71 km/s/Mpc. The model resolves the Hubble tension as a density-dependent bias rather than new physics in the expansion history. Crucially, applying the same modification to Pantheon+ Type Ia supernovae worsens the fit (ΔAIC = +2. 1), confirming that the effect is specific to matter-based distance measures — exactly as TAH predicts. Eleven independent validation tests yield a combined significance of 6. 4σ against the null hypothesis.
Ionut Vasile cornea (Fri,) studied this question.