DC-DC converters are essential components in a wide range of applications, including motor drive systems, renewable energy sources, and computer power supplies. These converters regulate an unregulated input voltage to provide a stable DC output under varying load conditions. Depending on the desired voltage level, several converter topologies have been developed. Among them, the buck converter stands out as one of the most widely adopted solutions due to its ability to step down the input voltage efficiently. To ensure that the output voltage remains close to a predefined reference value, various closed-loop control strategies are commonly employed.This study presents the implementation of a model-based, auto-tuning Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) control algorithm for precise output voltage regulation in a DC-DC buck converter. Unlike classical PID controllers, which operate with fixed gain parameters and exhibit limited adaptability to parameter variations and external disturbances, the proposed controller dynamically adjusts its parameters in real time. This adaptive capability enhances the system's robustness under varying operating conditions. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, demonstrating fast transient response, minimal overshoot, and high steady-state stability. These findings suggest that the approach offers a practical and efficient control solution, especially for embedded systems requiring adaptive and high-precision regulation.
Adile Akpunar Bozkurt (Fri,) studied this question.