"Fostering virtue and cultivating talents" is the fundamental mission of education, and constructing a scientific and effective evaluation system is crucial for its concrete implementation. Addressing current practical challenges such as the emphasis on intelligence over virtue, fragmented content, and simplistic methods, this study analyzes the theoretical roots, including the dominance of instrumental rationality over value rationality, the contradiction between educational complexity and the implicit nature of moral development, and institutional path dependence. Based on Marx's theory of all-round human development, an integrated evaluation framework across primary, secondary, and higher education is proposed. This framework entails a shift in focus from knowledge-based to character-based evaluation, from a management tool to a developmental engine. It establishes a "six-in-one" core competency framework encompassing political identity, national sentiment, moral cultivation, legal awareness, cultural literacy, and psychological qualities, reflecting progression across educational stages. Methodologically, it promotes the integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches, process and outcome evaluation, and the construction of a"Multi-stakeholder Collaborative Evaluation Community". Finally, practical pathways such as strengthening top-level design, enhancing teachers' evaluation literacy, and fostering a conducive educational ecology are suggested to ensure the effective operation of the evaluation system and the comprehensive realization of the fundamental task of fostering virtue and cultivating talents.
Mingle et al. (Wed,) studied this question.