Influence of liquid accelerators on the long-term immersion expansion characteristics of shotcrete

Key Points

• Shotcrete with liquid accelerators shows reduced long-term immersion expansion compared to standard methods.
• Key evidence indicates immersion expansion decrease of approximately 30% in samples treated with liquid accelerators.
• Assessment using controlled blend mixtures evaluates the influence of liquid accelerators on shotcrete properties.
• Implications underscore the need for optimizing accelerator use in shotcrete applications for better durability.