Harnessing mechanical energy for biomass valorization: A piezocatalytic biorefinery approach for anaerobic conversion of HMF to DFF and hydrogen via ball-milling activation

Key Points

• Hydrogen production increases with improved piezocatalytic efficiency during biomass valorization.
• The conversion of HMF to DFF via anaerobic methods shows substantial potential for clean energy solutions.
• Analysis conducted using ball-milling activation demonstrates significant process enhancements compared to traditional methods.
• This innovative approach may enable more efficient biomass conversion, paving the way for sustainable energy solutions.