Early immunogenic response to intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular rabies vaccination in cattle and buffaloes: a field study

Key Points

• The immunogenic response varies based on the route of rabies vaccination—intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intradermal.
• Results show a significant differentiation in immune response levels across the three vaccination methods.
• Field study data provides evidence on the effectiveness of different vaccine routes in livestock contexts.
• Implications suggest optimizing vaccination strategies could enhance rabies control in cattle and buffalo populations.