Advances in response mechanisms of fish to ammonia stress: A review

Key Points

• Physiological adaptations to ammonia stress enable fish survival and optimal functionality in challenging environments.
• Recent evidence shows that specific metabolic pathways are activated in response to elevated ammonia levels, enhancing resilience.
• Review of existing literature on ammonia stress response mechanisms across various fish species supports conservation efforts.
• Understanding these response mechanisms has significant implications for aquaculture practices and environmental management.