The grid-forming controlled energy storage system is a voltage source that does not depend on the external AC grid and it has the ability to maintain the voltage independently with the ability to provide inertia and frequency support to the grid. Therefore, the grid-forming energy storage system is suitable for weak grids with a high percentage of new energy integration. Flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is an emerging and promising energy storage technology due to its high efficiency, large power density, environment friendliness, long service life, and low maintenance. Considering that both the grid and the FESS are AC systems, this paper investigates a model predictive control (MPC) of the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) based on a grid-forming matrix converter (MC), thus integrating the advantageous features of the MPC into the system. The VSG control is employed at the grid side to achieve grid-forming control while the power supply side directly controls the power supply current. Simulation is used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Simulation results demonstrate that the MPC can effectively control the voltage based on grid-forming MC to provide voltage and frequency support for the system.
Sun et al. (Sun,) studied this question.