Fabrication of immobilized eggshell/TiO2 photocatalytic composite-based membrane

The immobilized photocatalyst in the photocatalytic membrane has been proved as one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that greatly promote the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. To increase the photocatalytic process, the adsorption capacity should be enhanced by integrating the adsorbent with photocatalytic material to produce a composite. Eggshell as a green recycle waste was used as an adsorbent integrated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) to produce eggshell/ TiO2 composite. In this study, different ratios (10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5) of eggshell/TiO2 composite were prepared with immobilization in a flat sheet membrane. The formulation of the dope solution was achieved with 10wt% of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), 2wt% of eggshell/TiO2 composite, and 88wt% of dimethylacetamide (DMAc). The distribution of TiO2 nanoparticles was proven by SEM images and could be actively functioned as a photocatalyst. The structure of the membranes characterized by the lengths were elongated by the length of their finger-like voids was significantly affected by the TiO2 nanoparticles. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that immobilized eggshell/ TiO2 composite photocatalyst inside membrane fabrication could enhance the flux permeation due to the development of a finger-like structure