Hierarchical micro-/nanostructured hydroxyapatite scaffolds promote osteoporotic bone regeneration via activation of hedgehog and HIF-1α signaling

Key Points

• Bone regeneration improves significantly due to scaffolds activating hedgehog and HIF-1α signaling.
• Activation of hedgehog signaling and HIF-1α pathways was linked to effective osteoporotic healing processes.
• The study utilized hierarchical micro-/nanostructured hydroxyapatite scaffolds to test regeneration efficacy.
• Findings suggest potential for new therapeutic strategies using advanced scaffold designs for osteoporotic patients.