From individual burden to social risk pooling: drivers of the declining out-of-pocket health expenditure share in China (2009–2024)

Key Points

• Declining out-of-pocket health expenditure appears to be linked to enhanced social risk pooling, reducing individual financial burdens.
• Key economic factors have contributed to this shift, with public health policies also playing a significant role in health financing.
• Assessment of health expenditure trends from 2009 to 2024 reveals insights into insurance coverage changes in China.
• The findings highlight the importance of understanding drivers of healthcare costs amidst ongoing public health improvements.