S100 expression and SDHB status define distinct biological subsets of bladder paraganglioma

Key Points

• Distinct biological subsets defined by S100 expression and SDHB status indicate heterogeneity in bladder paraganglioma.
• Markers S100 and SDHB show significant variation — with implications for targeted therapies.
• Analysis of bladder paraganglioma samples reveals critical biomarkers for prognosis and treatment decisions.
• Identification of these subsets highlights the need for personalized approaches in management.