This study examines how green accounting, financial performance, market value, and board characteristics affect carbon emission disclosure, with a focus on the moderating role of foreign ownership. Using panel data from energy and basic materials firms listed aon the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2020 and 2023, the study draws on information from annual, financial, and sustainability reports. Multiple linear regression and moderated regression analysis are applied. The findings show that firms adopting green accounting practices and those with higher female board representation tend to disclose more carbon emission information. Financial performance and market value do not have a direct impact on disclosure. Foreign ownership strengthens the link between market value and carbon disclosure but weakens the effect of female board representation. Overall, the results highlight how foreign ownership shapes carbon disclosure practices in an emerging market context.
Wardhani et al. (Mon,) studied this question.