Evaluating retractions in meta-analysis studies: a cross-sectional study

Retraction is crucial for maintaining scientific integrity, as it corrects the literature and alerts scholars and the public. Recognizing and analyzing retracted articles in scientific literature is essential. This study aims to describe meta-analysis articles retracted in 2024 across various fields. This study utilized PubMed and Google Scholar to identify meta-analysis articles retracted between 1 January and 18 August 2024, without language restrictions. After an initial screening, selected papers were thoroughly reviewed for eligibility. Critical data recorded included the nationality of the retracted article, citation count before retraction, journal and publisher names, impact factor, retraction reason, retraction authority, and the time between publication and retraction. The study comprised 35 retracted meta-analysis articles; most of these retractions were from China, accounting for 29 articles (82.85%). Most retracted articles, with 34 articles (97.14%), were from the medical and healthcare fields. These retracted articles received 526 citations before being retracted. The average impact factor of the journals was 2.89 ± 0.97. The primary reason for retraction was an inadequate or compromised peer review process, identified in 11 articles (31.43%). In conclusion, article retractions are frequently due to inadequate or flawed peer review processes. Enhancing peer review practices and developing better systems for informing researchers about retracted literature in their fields are crucial. Additionally, special attention should be given to manuscripts from specific countries.