Ammonia oxidizer adaptation to low dissolved oxygen concentrations for biological nutrient removal – a review on oxygen affinity, dual-substrate limitation, and decay

Key Points

• The aim is to review how ammonia oxidizers adapt to low dissolved oxygen conditions for biological nutrient removal.
• Review existing literature on ammonia oxidizers and their adaptation mechanisms.
• Analyze data on oxygen affinity and dual-substrate limitations.
• Evaluate decay rates under varying dissolved oxygen conditions.
• Ammonia oxidizers demonstrate increased oxygen affinity under low DO conditions.
• Adaptation mechanisms include metabolic adjustments to dual-substrate limitations.
• Lower decay rates are observed in ammonia oxidizers functioning under low dissolved oxygen.