With the increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and advancement of power market, the virtual power plants (VPPs) which aggregate the DERs to participate in market transactions, can provide multiple services as power electricity, reserve, and frequency regulation for power system operation. In this paper, a cooperative game–based operation strategy is proposed for multiple VPPs (MVPPs) with consideration of multiple electrical commodities. The energy‐trading structure for MVPPs is established first and then the cooperative game alliance is built considering the consistency of individual and the global benefits. Correspondingly, the Nash bargaining cooperative game model with consideration of the multiple electrical commodities as electricity energy, reserve, and frequency regulation is constructed. An accelerated distributed solution strategy based on the alternating direction method of multipliers is proposed, which protects the information privacy of each entity. Numerical simulations are conducted on the test system which is constituted by three VPPs aggregating different kinds of DERs, while the accuracy and efficiency of proposed is verified.
Zhao et al. (Thu,) studied this question.