What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to evaluate the combustion performance and safety characteristics of a Si@PVDF/AP composite.

March 13, 2026

Thermal Behavior and Ignition Performance of Silicon‐Based Core Shell Composite Si@PVDF/AP Fabricated by Spray‐Drying Method

Key Points

The aim is to evaluate the combustion performance and safety characteristics of a Si@PVDF/AP composite.
Fabrication of core-shell composite using spray-drying method.
Morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy.
Thermal behavior evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis.
Kinetic analyses performed using the Kissinger method for activation energy calculation.
Shock wave ignition tests conducted to compare ignition delays and combustion efficiency.
Activation energy of the Si@PVDF/AP composite reached 285.44 kJ·mol−1, significantly higher than 132.92 kJ·mol−1 for the physical mixture.
Shorter ignition delays observed for the Si@PVDF/AP composite compared to the physical blend.
Combustion efficiency improved in the core-shell material.
Safety characteristics improved with impact sensitivity over 100 cm and friction sensitivity at 56%, compared to 25.12 cm and 100% for the physical blend.

Abstract

ABSTRACT To enhance the combustion performance of nano silicon powder, a core–shell Si@PVDF/AP composite was fabricated via spray‐drying. Its morphology and elemental distribution were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)‐EDS. Thermal behavior and sensitivity were evaluated using DSC‐TG and compared with a physically blended Si/PVDF/AP composite. Kinetic analyses employing the Kissinger method indicated that the activation energy of the composite reached up to 285.44 kJ·mol − 1 , which was significantly higher than the value obtained for the physical mixture (up to 132.92 kJ·mol − 1 ) using the same method. Shock wave ignition tests demonstrated shorter ignition delays and superior combustion efficiency for the core–shell material. Furthermore, Si@PVDF/AP exhibited markedly improved safety characteristics, with impact sensitivity > 100 cm and friction sensitivity 56%, in contrast to 25.12 cm and 100% for the physical blend. These findings confirm that the Si@PVDF/AP composite achieves simultaneously enhanced combustion performance, higher thermal stability, and improved safety.

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