What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to characterize the phytochemical composition and bioactivities of Pouzolzia zeylanica tubers.

March 14, 2026

Phytochemical and bioactivity insights into Pouzolzia zeylanica tuber: triterpenoid/sterol dominance with antioxidant and protein-stabilising effects

MPMinh-Nhut PhamHue University TNTran-Thuy-Trang NgoInstitute of Marine and Coastal Research TPTuong-Nguyen-Dung PhuInstitute of Marine and Coastal Research

Key Points

This research aims to characterize the phytochemical composition and bioactivities of Pouzolzia zeylanica tubers.
Ethanolic extract of coastal root tubers was prepared and analyzed for phytochemical composition.
UPLC-QTOF-MS profiling was used to identify metabolites present.
Antioxidant activity measured using DPPH, ABTS, and FRP assays.
Anti-inflammatory potential assessed through BSA denaturation assay.
Enzyme inhibition evaluated for α-amylase and α-glucosidase.
Total phenolics content was 74.39 mg GAE/g, flavonoids 28.96 mg QE/g, and saponins 176.25 mg OA-eq/g.
Extract showed strong antioxidant activity with DPPH IC50 of 1.622 mg/mL and ABTS IC50 of 0.609 mg/mL.
Significant anti-inflammatory activity observed with BSA denaturation IC50 of 0.024 mg/mL.
Modest enzyme inhibition for α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 301.34 mg/mL and 107.15 mg/mL respectively.

Abstract

The ethanolic extract of coastal root tubers of Pouzolzia zeylanica was systematically characterised for its phytochemical composition and bioactivities. Analyses revealed positive results for phenolics and flavonoids and strong saponin reactions, with total contents of 74.39 ± 0.68 mg GAE/g (phenolics), 28.96 ± 1.10 mg QE/g (flavonoids), and 176.25 ± 7.50 mg OA-eq/g (saponins). UPLC-QTOF-MS profiling identified 158 metabolites, dominated by triterpenoid and sterol scaffolds. The extract exhibited antioxidant activity (IC50 values: DPPH 1.622 ± 0.074 mg/mL, ABTS 0.609 ± 0.110 mg/mL, FRP 0.320 ± 0.008 mg/mL) and strong anti-inflammatory potential in the BSA denaturation assay (IC50 0.024 ± 0.008 mg/mL). Enzyme inhibition was modest (IC50 values: α-amylase 301.34 ± 12.61 mg/mL; α-glucosidase 107.15 ± 5.43 mg/mL), consistent with the absence of enrichment for specific glycosidase inhibitors. These findings highlight P. zeylanica tubers as a triterpenoid- and saponin-rich matrix capable of conferring antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protection.

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