Dengue is a viral infection transmitted by the female Aedes aegypti mosquito. The virus has four serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4) and is endemic in tropical regions. In 2024, Latin America faced a historic outbreak with more than 13 million cases. Factors such as climate, urbanization, and failures in vector control favor transmission. This study analyzed dengue cases reported in a Brazilian municipality between 2014 and 2024 to characterize the epidemiological profile and guide public health interventions. Descriptive study using secondary data from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) on dengue cases in the municipality studied from 2014 to 2024. TabNet was used to filter data by sex, age group, and serotype. Data were organized in spreadsheets, and the chi-square test was used to assess associations between the investigated variables and the prevalence of reported dengue cases. A marked increase in dengue cases was observed in the federal unit analyzed, with 20,709 notifications in 2024, an increase of 265% compared with 2023 (5,671 cases). The health region that includes the municipality studied had the third highest number of records (1,940 cases), behind only two other health regions in the same federal unit. The municipality accounted for the highest number of notifications among the other municipalities in its region throughout the period. From 2022 onward, the municipality showed a significant rise in cases, increasing from 13 cases (2021) to 647 (2024), and the incidence rate rose from 9.2 to 450.8 per 100,000 inhabitants, classifying the municipality as having high incidence according to the Brazilian Dengue Control Program criteria. Most cases occurred in men (584), with no significant difference between sexes (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the distribution of cases across age groups, with adults aged 20–39 years being the most affected (472 cases). Serotype DENV-1 predominated from 2022 onward, although many earlier records were incomplete. A sharp increase in dengue incidence was observed between 2022 and 2024 in the municipality analyzed, with high incidence and predominance among young adults. The findings highlight the urgency of strengthening surveillance actions and preventive public policies, especially in areas with poor infrastructure.
Seixas et al. (Sun,) studied this question.