Optimization of Hot Forming Process Parameters of 7050 Aluminum Alloy Based on TOPSIS and EWM

To accurately control the hot workability of 7050 aluminum alloy and determine the optimal process window, systematic hot compression experiments were carried out on the Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation test machine under the multi-group process conditions of deformation temperature 300~450 °C, strain rate 0.001~1 s−1, and maximum deformation of 60%. The high-temperature rheological curve data were collected, and the key hot deformation parameters, such as deformation activation energy Q, Zener–Hollomon (Z) parameter, and power dissipation efficiency η, were calculated based on the experimental results. The random forest prediction model between process parameters and thermal deformation parameters was innovatively constructed to realize the accurate quantification of the parameter relationship. On this basis, the multi-objective process optimization was further carried out by coupling the TOPSIS and EWMs. Finally, the optimal hot deformation process parameters of 7050 aluminum alloy were determined as 410~450 °C and 0.001~1 s−1. The microstructure analysis showed that the main deformation mechanism of the material in the optimized region was dynamic recrystallization, which could effectively ensure the microstructure uniformity and mechanical property stability of the formed parts.