Within the framework of the “Physical Theory of Value” (PTV) project, the author proposes to consider two axiomatic laws of nature in semiotics as a working foundation for further theory development. The first law postulates the physical nature of sign-language operations (the thinking process) as a universal process of information processing by cognitive systems of any type. The second law defines a sign (word, symbol, gesture) as a **memory address of the subject**, pointing to a stored model of the denotatum, while the denotatum itself always remains outside the memory of the communication participants. According to these provisions, any communication (verbal and nonverbal) transmits exclusively the logical structure of memory addresses, not its content. Understanding arises only when the recipient has or constructs a similar structure of addresses filled with their own individual experience. These statements are deliberately introduced as **axioms**, not as proven theorems. Their empirical verification, clarification of applicability boundaries, search for counterexamples, and possible falsification remain tasks for future research and the scientific community. In the present work, these axioms are used as a tool to advance the main goal of the PTV project — the search for technologies to measure real material and spiritual values.
Alexander Eist (2026) studied this question.