Research Progress on Boson Stars and Their Frozen States

Key Points

• The study aims to explore the characteristics and theoretical models of boson stars, particularly their frozen states.
• Reviewed theoretical frameworks of boson stars.
• Discussed models constructed from scalar and vector fields.
• Analyzed stability of steady-state solutions and mixed solutions.
• Examined observational characteristics and gravitational radiation signals.
• Identified the unique observational signatures of boson stars.
• Highlighted the tidal effects and gravitational radiation signals from boson stars.
• Introduced extreme density frozen stars as potential candidates for black holes.