Previously, the cross-sectional deformation of piping elements was recorded by taking displacement measurements at multiple points or by sketching after cutting. Obtaining a time-history record of deformation, moment by moment during loading tests, has been challenging. In this study, we focused on trends in internal pressure, influenced by volume reduction due to cross-sectional deformation. This paper provides an overview of a simple estimating technique for piping elements utilizing pressure or reaction force trends and presents a case study.
TAKITO et al. (Wed,) studied this question.