What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to propose a miniature implantable antenna for wireless capsule endoscopy that operates in the ISM band.

March 27, 2026SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología0 citationsOpen Access

Ultra-Compacted Antenna-based Capsule Endoscope in the ISM Band

MHMarwah M. HassooniIraqi University JAJabir S. AzizAlrafidain University College AHAshwaq Q. HameedUniversity of Technology - Iraq

Key Points

The aim is to propose a miniature implantable antenna for wireless capsule endoscopy that operates in the ISM band.
Developed a microstrip patch antenna with a volume of 0.3 mm³.
Performed experimental validation using beef muscles.
Assessed safety via specific absorption rate (SAR) calculations.
Achieved a bandwidth increase of 483 MHz at 2483.5 MHz.
Demonstrated the antenna's suitability for deep-tissue implantation.

Abstract

This article presents a proposal for the miniature implantable antenna of a microstrip patch that covers ISM bands (2400–2483.5 MHz) for deep-tissue implantation with a volume of just 0.3 mm³. The proposed antenna is the smallest and lightest antenna manufactured for wireless capsule endoscopy. The antenna can be integrated with an imaging sensor, electronic components, and a battery. The proposed Microstrip Patch Antenna MPA shows a 483 MHz wider bandwidth at 2483.5 MHz; Beef muscles were used to validate the antenna's performance experimentally. The safety issues are assessed to examine the performance of the proposed antenna incorporated in an endoscopy capsule device by considering the specific absorption rate (SAR).

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