The problem of water quality deterioration and the environmental pollution is a burning issue that endangers the health of the population, the level of agricultural activity, and the sustainable development. Traditional methods of water quality monitoring are based on manual sampling or cloud-based Internet of Things (IoT) that constantly transmits raw sensor data, thereby causing a greater latency, the increase in network traffic, and a high reliance on the stable internet connection. To overcome these shortcomings, this paper introduces an edge-based dual-mode IoT system of real-time water quality and environment monitoring with smart alert messages.The suggested system incorporates the sensors to measure water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity and temperature as well as environmental parameters such as air temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure. The Raspberry Pi Pico 2W is a data processing board that features edge-level data processing with filtering, sliding-window averaging, and threshold analysis to achieve rapid detection of anomalies without constant cloud communication. The two-mode Wi-Fi and GSM communications are used to guarantee the security of data transmission in the areas where the network covers are insufficient. Processed data are visualized through the Blynk IoT platform, while local alerts are generated using RGB LEDs and a buzzer. The system is cost-effective, scalable, and suitable for deployment in both rural and urban environments.
P et al. (Thu,) studied this question.