Mungbean is a socio-economically important legume crop in Asia. It is generally grown in rotation with cereal crops such as rice, maize, and wheat. However, the average seed yield of mungbean is low, being only about 900 kg per hectare, due to biotic and abiotic stresses including bruchid (Callosobruchus analis, Callosobruchus chinensis and Callosobruchus maculatus) infestation, powdery mildew (PM) disease caused by Erysiphe polygoni, Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease caused by Cercospora canescens, yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) and Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Indian Virus (MYMIV), calcareous soil (iron deficiency chlorosis), and soil salinity. These stresses are believed to be exacerbated by climate change, threatening food security. Marker-assisted breeding (MAB) and genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) are promising approaches to efficiently and rapidly develop new crop cultivars with improved yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although mungbean was among the first legume crops subjected to genomics studies three decades ago, progress in genomics research for this crop has been very slow due to a lack of genomic resources. Additionally, there are only a few laboratories/institutes that consistently and continuously work on genomics and molecular breeding of mungbean. However, in recent years, quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling bruchid resistance, PM resistance, CLS resistance, YMD resistance, calcareous soil tolerance, and salt tolerance have been identified by high-resolution mapping and/or genome-wide association studies. In addition, candidate genes controlling these stresses have been identified: VrPGIP1 and VrPGIP2 encoding polygalactorunase inhibitors for bruchid resistance, VrMLO12 encoding Mildew Locus O 12 protein and VrRPP13L encoding Peronospora parasitica 13-like protein for PM resistance, VrTAF5 encoding TATA-binding-protein-associated factor 5 and VrRLP12 encoding receptor-like protein 12 for CLS resistance, VrYSL3 encoding yellow stripe-like3 protein for calcareous soil tolerance, and VrCYBDOMG1 encoding a cytochrome b561 domain-containing protein. Tightly linked and/or functional markers have been developed for these genes for MAB of mungbean and are being used in the development of stress-resistant mungbean cultivars.
Prakit Somta (Mon,) studied this question.